The exact causes of ADHD are not know yet. It is known that ADHD is connected to the brain's neurotransmitters. Chemicals that the brain uses are called neurotransmitters. Two of these chemicals are called dopamine and norepinephrine.
When a child's dopamine and norepinephrine levels are abnormal, they have ADHD. These abnormal levels can be caused by both environmental and biological factors.
Factors that can cause ADHD are: prenatal exposure to tobacco smoke, whether by the mother or surrounding smokers, premature birth, lead poisoning, a mother using drugs and alcohol, malnutrition, low iron or high blood lead in early development stages. If the child has had a serious brain infection or brain trauma, these can be causes as well.
ADHD can be treated with medication that controls symptoms. The most common medications are methylphenidate (Ritalin, Concerta), dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine), pemoline (Cylert), atomoxetine (Strattera) and Adderall- which a combination drug. The effects of these drugs are seen in the patient's increased attention and focus or concentration. A decrease in impulsive or hyperactive behavior can also be seen. These drugs should only be used with doctor's advice and recommendation.
How can I help my child? Children with ADHD are in need for more structure and clearer expectations. The parents, teachers and doctors need to work as a team giving the child the best care. The family will benefit from talking with specialist in ADHD behavior and learning problems. Counseling or structured (behavioral) therapy will be helpful for some children. Talk with your doctor to come up with a suitable plan to help your child.
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